Understanding subsurface heat flow is crucial for assessing geothermal prospectivity. First-order controls on the geothermal gradient include: convective circulation of the mantle, lithospheric thickness, circulation of fluids (water and magmatic) in the crust, conduction, and the heterogeneous content of radioactive elements in the crust. As the geothermal industry moves towards its goal of ‘geothermal anywhere’ this session will investigate the large-scale processes within the crust and mantle that influence heat flow. We welcome studies from a range of disciplines and using a variety of datasets/methods including (but not limited to): experimental data, geoneutrino experiments, seismic tomography models, magnetotellurics, electromagnetic methods, gravity and magnetic modeling, dynamic topography observations, lithospheric thickness calculations, thermochemical models, curie depth estimates and heat flow projections/estimations at depth.